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Darwin, The Expression of the Emotions: humans
The actor at the top of the page mimics an expression of astonishment, while the facial muscles of the “volunteer” below—a patient without feeling in his face—are being electrified into an expression of horror. Darwin studied such photographs to determine the exact muscle configurations that created the expression of various emotions. He used photographs rather than drawings because he believed they would be accepted as more objective. The ones here by Oscar Rejlander and Guillaume Duchenne were among the first mechanically reproduced photographs in a scientific book.
Charles Darwin (1809–1882). The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. London: John Murray, 1872.
